Assertion (A): All birds can fly. Reason (R): Penguins are birds that cannot fly.

D. A IS FALSE, BUT R IS TRUE.

Assertion (A): The sun rises in the east. Reason (R): The earth rotates on its axis from west to east.

A. BOTH A AND R ARE TRUE, AND R IS THE CORRECT EXPLANATION OF A.

Assertion (A): All birds can fly. Reason (R): Penguins are birds.

D. A IS FALSE, BUT R IS TRUE.

Assertion (A): Logic is essential for problem-solving. Reason (R): Problem-solving requires creativity and intuition.

B. BOTH A AND R ARE TRUE, BUT R IS NOT THE CORRECT EXPLANATION OF A.

Assertion (A): All fruits contain seeds. Reason (R): Some fruits are seedless. What is the relationship between A and R?

C. A IS FALSE, R IS TRUE.